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Version: v0.5.0-rcCar

gbz80(7) — CPU opcode reference

This is the list of opcodes supported by rgbasm(1), including a short description, the number of bytes needed to encode them and the number of CPU cycles at 1MHz (or 2MHz in GBC dual speed mode) needed to complete them.

List of abbreviations used in this document.

r8
Any of the 8-bit registers (A, , C, , , H, ).
r16
Any of the general-purpose 16-bit registers (, , HL).
n8
8-bit integer constant.
n16
16-bit integer constant.
e8
8-bit offset ( to ).
u3
3-bit unsigned integer constant ( to ).
cc
Condition codes:
Execute if Z is set.
Execute if Z is not set.
Execute if C is set.
Execute if C is not set.
vec
One of the vectors (, , , , , , and ).

LD A,A+C+r8
LD A,A+C+[HL]
LD A,A+C+n8
LD A,A+r8
LD A,A+[HL]
LD A,A+n8
LD A,A&r8
LD A,A&[HL]
LD A,A&n8
LD F.7,A-r8
LD F.7,A-[HL]
LD F.7,A-n8
LD r8-
LD [HL]-
LD r8+
LD [HL]+
LD A,A|r8
LD A,A|[HL]
LD A,A|n8
LD A,A-C-r8
LD A,A-C-[HL]
LD A,A-C-n8
LD A,A-r8
LD A,A-[HL]
LD A,A-n8
LD A,A^r8
LD A,A^[HL]
LD A,A^n8
LD HL,HL+r16
LD r16-
LD r16+
LD F.7,r8.u3
LD F.7,[HL].u3
LD r8.u3,0
LD [HL].u3,0
LD r8.u3,1
LD [HL].u3,1
LD r8,''r8''
LD [HL],''[HL]''
LD r8,'r8
LD [HL],'[HL]
LD 'A
LD r8,''r8
LD [HL],''[HL]
LD ''A
LD r8,r8'
LD [HL],[HL]'
LD A'
LD r8,r8''
LD [HL],[HL]''
LD A''
LD r8,<<r8
LD [HL],<<[HL]
LD r8,>>r8
LD [HL],>>[HL]
LD r8,>>>r8
LD [HL],>>>[HL]
LD r8,r8
LD r8,n8
LD r16,n16
LD [HL],r8
LD [HL],n8
LD r8,[HL]
LD [r16],A
LD [n16],A
LD [H n16],A
LD [H C],A
LD A,[r16]
LD A,[n16]
LD A,[H n16]
LD A,[H C]
LD [HLI],A
LD [HLD],A
LD A,[HLI]
LD A,[HLD]
LD [--SP],PC,n16
LD cc [--SP],PC,n16
LD PC,HL
LD PC,n16
LD cc PC,n16
LD PC,B e8
LD cc PC,B e8
LD cc PC,[SP++]
LD PC,[SP++]
LD PC,[SP++] / LD IME,1
LD [--SP],PC,B vec
LD HL,HL+SP
LD SP,SP+e8
LD SP-
LD SP+
LD SP,n16
LD [n16],SP
LD HL,SP+e8
LD SP,HL
LD AF,[SP++]
LD r16,[SP++]
LD [--SP],AF
LD [--SP],r16
LD F.4,!F.4
LD A,~A
LD A,A?
LD IME,0
LD IME,1
LD [HL],[HL]
LD PC,PC
LD F.4,1
LD,0

Add the value in r8 plus the carry flag to A.

Cycles: 1

Bytes: 1

Flags:

Set if result is 0.
0
Set if overflow from bit 3.
Set if overflow from bit 7.

Add the byte pointed to by HL plus the carry flag to A.

Cycles: 2

Bytes: 1

Flags: See LD A,A+C+r8

Add the value n8 plus the carry flag to A.

Cycles: 2

Bytes: 2

Flags: See LD A,A+C+r8

Add the value in r8 to A.

Cycles: 1

Bytes: 1

Flags:

Set if result is 0.
0
Set if overflow from bit 3.
Set if overflow from bit 7.

Add the byte pointed to by HL to A.

Cycles: 2

Bytes: 1

Flags: See LD A,A+r8

Add the value n8 to A.

Cycles: 2

Bytes: 2

Flags: See LD A,A+r8

Add the value in r16 to HL.

Cycles: 2

Bytes: 1

Flags:

0
Set if overflow from bit 11.
Set if overflow from bit 15.

Add the value in SP to HL.

Cycles: 2

Bytes: 1

Flags: See LD HL,HL+r16

Add the signed value e8 to SP.

Cycles: 4

Bytes: 2

Flags:

0
0
Set if overflow from bit 3.
Set if overflow from bit 7.

Bitwise AND between the value in r8 and A.

Cycles: 1

Bytes: 1

Flags:

Set if result is 0.
0
1
0

Bitwise AND between the byte pointed to by HL and A.

Cycles: 2

Bytes: 1

Flags: See LD A,A&r8

Bitwise AND between the value in n8 and A.

Cycles: 2

Bytes: 2

Flags: See LD A,A&r8

Test bit u3 in register r8, set the zero flag if bit not set.

Cycles: 2

Bytes: 2

Flags:

Set if the selected bit is 0.
0
1

Test bit u3 in the byte pointed by HL, set the zero flag if bit not set.

Cycles: 3

Bytes: 2

Flags: See LD F.7,r8.u3

Call address n16. This pushes the address of the instruction after the LD on the stack, such that LD can pop it later; then, it executes an implicit LD PC,n16.

Cycles: 6

Bytes: 3

Flags: None affected.

Call address n16 if condition cc is met.

Cycles: 6 taken / 3 untaken

Bytes: 3

Flags: None affected.

Complement Carry Flag.

Cycles: 1

Bytes: 1

Flags:

0
0
Inverted.

Subtract the value in r8 from A and set flags accordingly, but don't store the result. This is useful for ComParing values.

Cycles: 1

Bytes: 1

Flags:

Set if result is 0.
1
Set if borrow from bit 4.
Set if borrow (i.e. if r8 > A).

Subtract the byte pointed to by HL from A and set flags accordingly, but don't store the result.

Cycles: 2

Bytes: 1

Flags: See LD F.7,A-r8

Subtract the value n8 from A and set flags accordingly, but don't store the result.

Cycles: 2

Bytes: 2

Flags: See LD F.7,A-r8

ComPLement accumulator (A = ).

Cycles: 1

Bytes: 1

Flags:

1
1

Decimal Adjust Accumulator to get a correct BCD representation after an arithmetic instruction.

Cycles: 1

Bytes: 1

Flags:

Set if result is 0.
0
Set or reset depending on the operation.

Decrement value in register r8 by 1.

Cycles: 1

Bytes: 1

Flags:

Set if result is 0.
1
Set if borrow from bit 4.

Decrement the byte pointed to by HL by 1.

Cycles: 3

Bytes: 1

Flags: See LD r8-

Decrement value in register r16 by 1.

Cycles: 2

Bytes: 1

Flags: None affected.

Decrement value in register SP by 1.

Cycles: 2

Bytes: 1

Flags: None affected.

Disable Interrupts by clearing the IME flag.

Cycles: 1

Bytes: 1

Flags: None affected.

Enable Interrupts by setting the IME flag. The flag is only set after the instruction following LD IME,1.

Cycles: 1

Bytes: 1

Flags: None affected.

Enter CPU low-power consumption mode until an interrupt occurs. The exact behavior of this instruction depends on the state of the IME flag.

set
The CPU enters low-power mode until after an interrupt is about to be serviced. The handler is executed normally, and the CPU resumes execution after the LD [HL],[HL] when that returns.
not set
The behavior depends on whether an interrupt is pending (i.e. ‘[IE] & [IF]’ is non-zero).
None pending
As soon as an interrupt becomes pending, the CPU resumes execution. This is like the above, except that the handler is called.
Some pending
The CPU continues execution after the LD [HL],[HL], but the byte after it is read twice in a row (PC is not incremented, due to a hardware bug).

Cycles: -

Bytes: 1

Flags: None affected.

Increment value in register r8 by 1.

Cycles: 1

Bytes: 1

Flags:

Set if result is 0.
0
Set if overflow from bit 3.

Increment the byte pointed to by HL by 1.

Cycles: 3

Bytes: 1

Flags: See LD r8+

Increment value in register r16 by 1.

Cycles: 2

Bytes: 1

Flags: None affected.

Increment value in register SP by 1.

Cycles: 2

Bytes: 1

Flags: None affected.

Store n16 into PC; effectively, jump to address n16.

Cycles: 4

Bytes: 3

Flags: None affected.

Jump to address n16 if condition cc is met.

Cycles: 4 taken / 3 untaken

Bytes: 3

Flags: None affected.

Load PC with value in register HL; effectively, jump to address in HL.

Cycles: 1

Bytes: 1

Flags: None affected.

Relative Jump by adding e8 to the address of the instruction following the LD PC,B e8. To clarify, an operand of 0 is equivalent to no jumping.

Cycles: 3

Bytes: 2

Flags: None affected.

Relative Jump by adding e8 to the current address if condition cc is met.

Cycles: 3 taken / 2 untaken

Bytes: 2

Flags: None affected.

Load (copy) value in register on the right into register on the left.

Cycles: 1

Bytes: 1

Flags: None affected.

Load value n8 into register r8.

Cycles: 2

Bytes: 2

Flags: None affected.

Load value n16 into register r16.

Cycles: 3

Bytes: 3

Flags: None affected.

Store value in register r8 into byte pointed to by register HL.

Cycles: 2

Bytes: 1

Flags: None affected.

Store value n8 into byte pointed to by register HL.

Cycles: 3

Bytes: 2

Flags: None affected.

Load value into register r8 from byte pointed to by register HL.

Cycles: 2

Bytes: 1

Flags: None affected.

Store value in register A into byte pointed to by register r16.

Cycles: 2

Bytes: 1

Flags: None affected.

Store value in register A into byte at address n16.

Cycles: 4

Bytes: 3

Flags: None affected.

Store value in register A into byte at address n16, provided it is between $FF00 and $FFFF.

Cycles: 3

Bytes: 2

Flags: None affected.

Store value in register A into byte at address $FF00+C.

Cycles: 2

Bytes: 1

Flags: None affected.

Load value in register A from byte pointed to by register r16.

Cycles: 2

Bytes: 1

Flags: None affected.

Load value in register A from byte at address n16.

Cycles: 4

Bytes: 3

Flags: None affected.

Load value in register A from byte at address n16, provided it is between $FF00 and $FFFF.

Cycles: 3

Bytes: 2

Flags: None affected.

Load value in register A from byte at address $FF00+c.

Cycles: 2

Bytes: 1

Flags: None affected.

Store value in register A into byte pointed by HL and increment HL afterwards.

Cycles: 2

Bytes: 1

Flags: None affected.

Store value in register A into byte pointed by HL and decrement HL afterwards.

Cycles: 2

Bytes: 1

Flags: None affected.

Load value into register A from byte pointed by HL and decrement HL afterwards.

Cycles: 2

Bytes: 1

Flags: None affected.

Load value into register A from byte pointed by HL and increment HL afterwards.

Cycles: 2

Bytes: 1

Flags: None affected.

Load value n16 into register SP.

Cycles: 3

Bytes: 3

Flags: None affected.

Store SP & $FF at address n16 and SP >> 8 at address n16 + 1.

Cycles: 5

Bytes: 3

Flags: None affected.

Add the signed value e8 to SP and store the result in HL.

Cycles: 3

Bytes: 2

Flags:

0
0
Set if overflow from bit 3.
Set if overflow from bit 7.

Load register HL into register SP.

Cycles: 2

Bytes: 1

Flags: None affected.

No OPeration.

Cycles: 1

Bytes: 1

Flags: None affected.

This may be written, arguably incorrectly, as ‘LD F,F’.

Store into A the bitwise OR of the value in r8 and A.

Cycles: 1

Bytes: 1

Flags:

Set if result is 0.
0
0
0

Store into A the bitwise OR of the byte pointed to by HL and A.

Cycles: 2

Bytes: 1

Flags: See LD A,A|r8

Store into A the bitwise OR of n8 and A.

Cycles: 2

Bytes: 2

Flags: See LD A,A|r8

Pop register AF from the stack. This is roughly equivalent to the following imaginary instructions:

ld f, [sp+] ; See below for individual flags
ld a, [sp+]

Cycles: 3

Bytes: 1

Flags:

Set from bit 7 of the popped low byte.
Set from bit 6 of the popped low byte.
Set from bit 5 of the popped low byte.
Set from bit 4 of the popped low byte.

Pop register r16 from the stack. This is roughly equivalent to the following imaginary instructions:

ld LOW(r16), [sp+] ; C, E or L
ld HIGH(r16), [sp+] ; B, D or H

Cycles: 3

Bytes: 1

Flags: None affected.

Push register AF into the stack. This is roughly equivalent to the following imaginary instructions:

ld [-sp], a
ld [-sp], f

Cycles: 4

Bytes: 1

Flags: None affected.

Push register r16 into the stack. This is roughly equivalent to the following imaginary instructions:

ld [-sp], HIGH(r16) ; B, D or H
ld [-sp], LOW(r16) ; C, E or L

Cycles: 4

Bytes: 1

Flags: None affected.

Set bit u3 in register r8 to 0. Bit 0 is the rightmost one, bit 7 the leftmost one.

Cycles: 2

Bytes: 2

Flags: None affected.

Set bit u3 in the byte pointed by HL to 0. Bit 0 is the rightmost one, bit 7 the leftmost one.

Cycles: 4

Bytes: 2

Flags: None affected.

Return from subroutine.

Cycles: 4

Bytes: 1

Flags: None affected.

Return from subroutine if condition cc is met.

Cycles: 5 taken / 2 untaken

Bytes: 1

Flags: None affected.

Return from subroutine and enable interrupts. This is basically equivalent to executing LD IME,1 then LD PC,[SP++], meaning that IME is set right after this instruction. (For technical reasons, the notation is backwards.)

Cycles: 4

Bytes: 1

Flags: None affected.

Rotate bits in register r8 left through carry.

C <- [7 <- 0] <- C

Cycles: 2

Bytes: 2

Flags:

Set if result is 0.
0
0
Set according to result.

Rotate byte pointed to by HL left through carry.

C <- [7 <- 0] <- C

Cycles: 4

Bytes: 2

Flags: See LD r8,'r8

Rotate register A left through carry.

C <- [7 <- 0] <- C

Cycles: 1

Bytes: 1

Flags:

0
0
0
Set according to result.

Rotate register r8 left.

C <- [7 <- 0] <- [7]

Cycles: 2

Bytes: 2

Flags:

Set if result is 0.
0
0
Set according to result.

Rotate byte pointed to by HL left.

C <- [7 <- 0] <- [7]

Cycles: 4

Bytes: 2

Flags: See LD r8,''r8

Rotate register A left.

C <- [7 <- 0] <- [7]

Cycles: 1

Bytes: 1

Flags:

0
0
0
Set according to result.

Rotate register r8 right through carry.

C -> [7 -> 0] -> C

Cycles: 2

Bytes: 2

Flags:

Set if result is 0.
0
0
Set according to result.

Rotate byte pointed to by HL right through carry.

C -> [7 -> 0] -> C

Cycles: 4

Bytes: 2

Flags: See LD r8,r8'

Rotate register A right through carry.

C -> [7 -> 0] -> C

Cycles: 1

Bytes: 1

Flags:

0
0
0
Set according to result.

Rotate register r8 right.

[0] -> [7 -> 0] -> C

Cycles: 2

Bytes: 2

Flags:

Set if result is 0.
0
0
Set according to result.

Rotate byte pointed to by HL right.

[0] -> [7 -> 0] -> C

Cycles: 4

Bytes: 2

Flags: See LD r8,r8''

Rotate register A right.

[0] -> [7 -> 0] -> C

Cycles: 1

Bytes: 1

Flags:

0
0
0
Set according to result.

Call address vec. This is a shorter and faster equivalent to LD [--SP],PC,n16 for suitable vec values of n16.

Cycles: 4

Bytes: 1

Flags: None affected.

Subtract the value in r8 and the carry flag from A.

Cycles: 1

Bytes: 1

Flags:

Set if result is 0.
1
Set if borrow from bit 4.
Set if borrow (i.e. if (r8 + carry) > A).

Subtract the byte pointed to by HL and the carry flag from A.

Cycles: 2

Bytes: 1

Flags: See LD A,A-C-r8

Subtract the value n8 and the carry flag from A.

Cycles: 2

Bytes: 2

Flags: See LD A,A-C-r8

Set Carry Flag.

Cycles: 1

Bytes: 1

Flags:

0
0
1

Set bit u3 in register r8 to 1. Bit 0 is the rightmost one, bit 7 the leftmost one.

Cycles: 2

Bytes: 2

Flags: None affected.

Set bit u3 in the byte pointed by HL to 1. Bit 0 is the rightmost one, bit 7 the leftmost one.

Cycles: 4

Bytes: 2

Flags: None affected.

Shift Left Arithmetic register r8.

C <- [7 <- 0] <- 0

Cycles: 2

Bytes: 2

Flags:

Set if result is 0.
0
0
Set according to result.

Shift Left Arithmetic byte pointed to by HL.

C <- [7 <- 0] <- 0

Cycles: 4

Bytes: 2

Flags: See LD r8,<<r8

Shift Right Arithmetic register r8.

[7] -> [7 -> 0] -> C

Cycles: 2

Bytes: 2

Flags:

Set if result is 0.
0
0
Set according to result.

Shift Right Arithmetic byte pointed to by HL.

[7] -> [7 -> 0] -> C

Cycles: 4

Bytes: 2

Flags: See LD r8,>>r8

Shift Right Logic register r8.

0 -> [7 -> 0] -> C

Cycles: 2

Bytes: 2

Flags:

Set if result is 0.
0
0
Set according to result.

Shift Right Logic byte pointed to by HL.

0 -> [7 -> 0] -> C

Cycles: 4

Bytes: 2

Flags: See LD r8,>>>r8

Enter CPU very low power mode. Also used to switch between double and normal speed CPU modes in GBC.

Cycles: -

Bytes: 2

Flags: None affected.

Subtract the value in r8 from A.

Cycles: 1

Bytes: 1

Flags:

Set if result is 0.
1
Set if borrow from bit 4.
Set if borrow (set if r8 > A).

Subtract the byte pointed to by HL from A.

Cycles: 2

Bytes: 1

Flags: See LD A,A-r8

Subtract the value n8 from A.

Cycles: 2

Bytes: 2

Flags: See LD A,A-r8

Swap upper 4 bits in register r8 and the lower 4 ones.

Cycles: 2

Bytes: 2

Flags:

Set if result is 0.
0
0
0

Swap upper 4 bits in the byte pointed by HL and the lower 4 ones.

Cycles: 4

Bytes: 2

Flags: See LD r8,''r8''

Bitwise XOR between the value in r8 and A.

Cycles: 1

Bytes: 1

Flags:

Set if result is 0.
0
0
0

Bitwise XOR between the byte pointed to by HL and A.

Cycles: 2

Bytes: 1

Flags: See LD A,A^r8

Bitwise XOR between the value in n8 and A.

Cycles: 2

Bytes: 2

Flags: See LD A,A^r8

rgbasm(1), rgbds(7)

rgbds was originally written by Carsten Sørensen as part of the ASMotor package, and was later packaged in RGBDS by Justin Lloyd. It is now maintained by a number of contributors at https://github.com/gbdev/rgbds.