gbz80(7) — CPU opcode reference
DESCRIPTION
This is the list of opcodes supported by rgbasm(1), including a short description, the number of bytes needed to encode them and the number of CPU cycles at 1MHz (or 2MHz in GBC dual speed mode) needed to complete them.
Note: All arithmetic/logic operations that use register A as destination can omit the destination as it is assumed to be register A by default. The following two lines have the same effect:
OR A,B OR B
LEGEND
List of abbreviations used in this document.
- r8
- Any of the 8-bit registers (A, B, C, D, E, H, L).
- r16
- Any of the general-purpose 16-bit registers (BC, DE, HL).
- n8
- 8-bit integer constant.
- n16
- 16-bit integer constant.
- e8
- 8-bit offset (-128 to 127).
- u3
- 3-bit unsigned integer constant (0 to 7).
- cc
- Condition codes:
- vec
- One of the RST vectors (0x00, 0x08, 0x10, 0x18, 0x20, 0x28, 0x30, and 0x38).
INSTRUCTION OVERVIEW
8-bit Arithmetic and Logic Instructions
16-bit Arithmetic Instructions
Bit Operations Instructions
Bit Shift Instructions
Load Instructions
Jumps and Subroutines
Stack Operations Instructions
Miscellaneous Instructions
INSTRUCTION REFERENCE
ADC A,r8
Add the value in r8 plus the carry flag to A.
Cycles: 1
Bytes: 1
Flags:
ADC A,[HL]
Add the byte pointed to by HL plus the carry flag to A.
Cycles: 2
Bytes: 1
Flags: See ADC A,r8
ADC A,n8
Add the value n8 plus the carry flag to A.
Cycles: 2
Bytes: 2
Flags: See ADC A,r8
ADD A,r8
Add the value in r8 to A.
Cycles: 1
Bytes: 1
Flags:
ADD A,[HL]
Add the byte pointed to by HL to A.
Cycles: 2
Bytes: 1
Flags: See ADD A,r8
ADD A,n8
Add the value n8 to A.
Cycles: 2
Bytes: 2
Flags: See ADD A,r8
ADD HL,r16
Add the value in r16 to HL.
Cycles: 2
Bytes: 1
Flags:
ADD HL,SP
Add the value in SP to HL.
Cycles: 2
Bytes: 1
Flags: See ADD HL,r16
ADD SP,e8
Add the signed value e8 to SP.
Cycles: 4
Bytes: 2
Flags:
AND A,r8
Bitwise AND between the value in r8 and A.
Cycles: 1
Bytes: 1
Flags:
AND A,[HL]
Bitwise AND between the byte pointed to by HL and A.
Cycles: 2
Bytes: 1
Flags: See AND A,r8
AND A,n8
Bitwise AND between the value in n8 and A.
Cycles: 2
Bytes: 2
Flags: See AND A,r8
BIT u3,r8
Test bit u3 in register r8, set the zero flag if bit not set.
Cycles: 2
Bytes: 2
Flags:
BIT u3,[HL]
Test bit u3 in the byte pointed by HL, set the zero flag if bit not set.
Cycles: 3
Bytes: 2
Flags: See BIT u3,r8
CALL n16
Call address n16. This pushes the address of the instruction after the CALL on the stack, such that RET can pop it later; then, it executes an implicit JP n16.
Cycles: 6
Bytes: 3
Flags: None affected.
CALL cc,n16
Call address n16 if condition cc is met.
Cycles: 6 taken / 3 untaken
Bytes: 3
Flags: None affected.
CCF
Complement Carry Flag.
Cycles: 1
Bytes: 1
Flags:
CP A,r8
Subtract the value in r8 from A and set flags accordingly, but don't store the result. This is useful for ComParing values.
Cycles: 1
Bytes: 1
Flags:
CP A,[HL]
Subtract the byte pointed to by HL from A and set flags accordingly, but don't store the result.
Cycles: 2
Bytes: 1
Flags: See CP A,r8
CP A,n8
Subtract the value n8 from A and set flags accordingly, but don't store the result.
Cycles: 2
Bytes: 2
Flags: See CP A,r8
CPL
ComPLement accumulator (A = ~A).
Cycles: 1
Bytes: 1
Flags:
DAA
Decimal Adjust Accumulator to get a correct BCD representation after an arithmetic instruction.
Cycles: 1
Bytes: 1
Flags:
DEC r8
Decrement value in register r8 by 1.
Cycles: 1
Bytes: 1
Flags:
DEC [HL]
Decrement the byte pointed to by HL by 1.
Cycles: 3
Bytes: 1
Flags: See DEC r8
DEC r16
Decrement value in register r16 by 1.
Cycles: 2
Bytes: 1
Flags: None affected.
DEC SP
Decrement value in register SP by 1.
Cycles: 2
Bytes: 1
Flags: None affected.
DI
Disable Interrupts by clearing the IME flag.
Cycles: 1
Bytes: 1
Flags: None affected.
EI
Enable Interrupts by setting the IME flag. The flag is only set after the instruction following EI.
Cycles: 1
Bytes: 1
Flags: None affected.
HALT
Enter CPU low-power consumption mode until an interrupt occurs. The exact behavior of this instruction depends on the state of the IME flag.
- IME set
- The CPU enters low-power mode until after an interrupt
is about to be serviced. The handler is executed normally, and the CPU
resumes execution after the
HALT
when that returns. - IME not set
- The behavior depends on whether an interrupt is pending (i.e.
‘
[IE] & [IF]
’ is non-zero).- None pending
- As soon as an interrupt becomes pending, the CPU resumes execution. This is like the above, except that the handler is not called.
- Some pending
- The CPU continues execution after the
HALT
, but the byte after it is read twice in a row (PC is not incremented, due to a hardware bug).
Cycles: -
Bytes: 1
Flags: None affected.
INC r8
Increment value in register r8 by 1.
Cycles: 1
Bytes: 1
Flags:
INC [HL]
Increment the byte pointed to by HL by 1.
Cycles: 3
Bytes: 1
Flags: See INC r8
INC r16
Increment value in register r16 by 1.
Cycles: 2
Bytes: 1
Flags: None affected.
INC SP
Increment value in register SP by 1.
Cycles: 2
Bytes: 1
Flags: None affected.
JP n16
Jump to address n16; effectively, store n16 into PC.
Cycles: 4
Bytes: 3
Flags: None affected.
JP cc,n16
Jump to address n16 if condition cc is met.
Cycles: 4 taken / 3 untaken
Bytes: 3
Flags: None affected.
JP HL
Jump to address in HL; effectively, load PC with value in register HL.
Cycles: 1
Bytes: 1
Flags: None affected.
JR n16
Relative Jump to address n16. The address is
encoded as a signed 8-bit offset from the address immediately following the
JR
instruction, so the target address
n16 must be between -128 and
127 bytes away. For example:
JR Label ; no-op; encoded offset of 0 Label: JR Label ; infinite loop; encoded offset of -2
Cycles: 3
Bytes: 2
Flags: None affected.
JR cc,n16
Relative Jump to address n16 if condition cc is met.
Cycles: 3 taken / 2 untaken
Bytes: 2
Flags: None affected.
LD r8,r8
Load (copy) value in register on the right into register on the left.
Cycles: 1
Bytes: 1
Flags: None affected.
LD r8,n8
Load value n8 into register r8.
Cycles: 2
Bytes: 2
Flags: None affected.
LD r16,n16
Load value n16 into register r16.
Cycles: 3
Bytes: 3
Flags: None affected.
LD [HL],r8
Store value in register r8 into the byte pointed to by register HL.
Cycles: 2
Bytes: 1
Flags: None affected.
LD [HL],n8
Store value n8 into the byte pointed to by register HL.
Cycles: 3
Bytes: 2
Flags: None affected.
LD r8,[HL]
Load value into register r8 from the byte pointed to by register HL.
Cycles: 2
Bytes: 1
Flags: None affected.
LD [r16],A
Store value in register A into the byte pointed to by register r16.
Cycles: 2
Bytes: 1
Flags: None affected.
LD [n16],A
Store value in register A into the byte at address n16.
Cycles: 4
Bytes: 3
Flags: None affected.
LDH [n16],A
Store value in register A into the byte at address n16, provided the address is between $FF00 and $FFFF.
Cycles: 3
Bytes: 2
Flags: None affected.
This is sometimes written as ‘LDIO
[n16],A
’, or ‘LD
[$FF00+n8],A
’.
LDH [C],A
Store value in register A into the byte at address $FF00+C.
Cycles: 2
Bytes: 1
Flags: None affected.
This is sometimes written as ‘LDIO
[C],A
’, or ‘LD
[$FF00+C],A
’.
LD A,[r16]
Load value in register A from the byte pointed to by register r16.
Cycles: 2
Bytes: 1
Flags: None affected.
LD A,[n16]
Load value in register A from the byte at address n16.
Cycles: 4
Bytes: 3
Flags: None affected.
LDH A,[n16]
Load value in register A from the byte at address n16, provided the address is between $FF00 and $FFFF.
Cycles: 3
Bytes: 2
Flags: None affected.
This is sometimes written as ‘LDIO
A,[n16]
’, or ‘LD
A,[$FF00+n8]
’.
LDH A,[C]
Load value in register A from the byte at address $FF00+c.
Cycles: 2
Bytes: 1
Flags: None affected.
This is sometimes written as ‘LDIO
A,[C]
’, or ‘LD
A,[$FF00+C]
’.
LD [HLI],A
Store value in register A into the byte pointed by HL and increment HL afterwards.
Cycles: 2
Bytes: 1
Flags: None affected.
This is sometimes written as ‘LD
[HL+],A
’, or ‘LDI
[HL],A
’.
LD [HLD],A
Store value in register A into the byte pointed by HL and decrement HL afterwards.
Cycles: 2
Bytes: 1
Flags: None affected.
This is sometimes written as ‘LD
[HL-],A
’, or ‘LDD
[HL],A
’.
LD A,[HLD]
Load value into register A from the byte pointed by HL and decrement HL afterwards.
Cycles: 2
Bytes: 1
Flags: None affected.
This is sometimes written as ‘LD
A,[HL-]
’, or ‘LDD
A,[HL]
’.
LD A,[HLI]
Load value into register A from the byte pointed by HL and increment HL afterwards.
Cycles: 2
Bytes: 1
Flags: None affected.
This is sometimes written as ‘LD
A,[HL+]
’, or ‘LDI
A,[HL]
’.
LD SP,n16
Load value n16 into register SP.
Cycles: 3
Bytes: 3
Flags: None affected.
LD [n16],SP
Store SP & $FF at address n16 and SP >> 8 at address n16 + 1.
Cycles: 5
Bytes: 3
Flags: None affected.
LD HL,SP+e8
Add the signed value e8 to SP and store the result in HL.
Cycles: 3
Bytes: 2
Flags:
LD SP,HL
Load register HL into register SP.
Cycles: 2
Bytes: 1
Flags: None affected.
NOP
No OPeration.
Cycles: 1
Bytes: 1
Flags: None affected.
OR A,r8
Store into A the bitwise OR of the value in r8 and A.
Cycles: 1
Bytes: 1
Flags:
OR A,[HL]
Store into A the bitwise OR of the byte pointed to by HL and A.
Cycles: 2
Bytes: 1
Flags: See OR A,r8
OR A,n8
Store into A the bitwise OR of n8 and A.
Cycles: 2
Bytes: 2
Flags: See OR A,r8
POP AF
Pop register AF from the stack. This is roughly equivalent to the following imaginary instructions:
ld f, [sp] ; See below for individual flags inc sp ld a, [sp] inc sp
Cycles: 3
Bytes: 1
Flags:
POP r16
Pop register r16 from the stack. This is roughly equivalent to the following imaginary instructions:
ld LOW(r16), [sp] ; C, E or L inc sp ld HIGH(r16), [sp] ; B, D or H inc sp
Cycles: 3
Bytes: 1
Flags: None affected.
PUSH AF
Push register AF into the stack. This is roughly equivalent to the following imaginary instructions:
dec sp ld [sp], a dec sp ld [sp], flag_Z << 7 | flag_N << 6 | flag_H << 5 | flag_C << 4
Cycles: 4
Bytes: 1
Flags: None affected.
PUSH r16
Push register r16 into the stack. This is roughly equivalent to the following imaginary instructions:
dec sp ld [sp], HIGH(r16) ; B, D or H dec sp ld [sp], LOW(r16) ; C, E or L
Cycles: 4
Bytes: 1
Flags: None affected.
RES u3,r8
Set bit u3 in register r8 to 0. Bit 0 is the rightmost one, bit 7 the leftmost one.
Cycles: 2
Bytes: 2
Flags: None affected.
RES u3,[HL]
Set bit u3 in the byte pointed by HL to 0. Bit 0 is the rightmost one, bit 7 the leftmost one.
Cycles: 4
Bytes: 2
Flags: None affected.
RET
Return from subroutine. This is basically a POP PC (if such an instruction existed). See POP r16 for an explanation of how POP works.
Cycles: 4
Bytes: 1
Flags: None affected.
RET cc
Return from subroutine if condition cc is met.
Cycles: 5 taken / 2 untaken
Bytes: 1
Flags: None affected.
RETI
Return from subroutine and enable interrupts. This is basically equivalent to executing EI then RET, meaning that IME is set right after this instruction.
Cycles: 4
Bytes: 1
Flags: None affected.
RL r8
Rotate bits in register r8 left through carry.
Cycles: 2
Bytes: 2
Flags:
RL [HL]
Rotate the byte pointed to by HL left through carry.
Cycles: 4
Bytes: 2
Flags: See RL r8
RLA
Rotate register A left through carry.
Cycles: 1
Bytes: 1
Flags:
RLC r8
Rotate register r8 left.
Cycles: 2
Bytes: 2
Flags:
RLC [HL]
Rotate the byte pointed to by HL left.
Cycles: 4
Bytes: 2
Flags: See RLC r8
RLCA
Rotate register A left.
Cycles: 1
Bytes: 1
Flags:
RR r8
Rotate register r8 right through carry.
Cycles: 2
Bytes: 2
Flags:
RR [HL]
Rotate the byte pointed to by HL right through carry.
Cycles: 4
Bytes: 2
Flags: See RR r8
RRA
Rotate register A right through carry.
Cycles: 1
Bytes: 1
Flags:
RRC r8
Rotate register r8 right.
Cycles: 2
Bytes: 2
Flags:
RRC [HL]
Rotate the byte pointed to by HL right.
Cycles: 4
Bytes: 2
Flags: See RRC r8
RRCA
Rotate register A right.
Cycles: 1
Bytes: 1
Flags:
RST vec
Call address vec. This is a shorter and faster equivalent to CALL for suitable values of vec.
Cycles: 4
Bytes: 1
Flags: None affected.
SBC A,r8
Subtract the value in r8 and the carry flag from A.
Cycles: 1
Bytes: 1
Flags:
SBC A,[HL]
Subtract the byte pointed to by HL and the carry flag from A.
Cycles: 2
Bytes: 1
Flags: See SBC A,r8
SBC A,n8
Subtract the value n8 and the carry flag from A.
Cycles: 2
Bytes: 2
Flags: See SBC A,r8
SCF
Set Carry Flag.
Cycles: 1
Bytes: 1
Flags:
SET u3,r8
Set bit u3 in register r8 to 1. Bit 0 is the rightmost one, bit 7 the leftmost one.
Cycles: 2
Bytes: 2
Flags: None affected.
SET u3,[HL]
Set bit u3 in the byte pointed by HL to 1. Bit 0 is the rightmost one, bit 7 the leftmost one.
Cycles: 4
Bytes: 2
Flags: None affected.
SLA r8
Shift Left Arithmetically register r8.
Cycles: 2
Bytes: 2
Flags:
SLA [HL]
Shift Left Arithmetically the byte pointed to by HL.
Cycles: 4
Bytes: 2
Flags: See SLA r8
SRA r8
Shift Right Arithmetically register r8.
Cycles: 2
Bytes: 2
Flags:
SRA [HL]
Shift Right Arithmetically the byte pointed to by HL.
Cycles: 4
Bytes: 2
Flags: See SRA r8
SRL r8
Shift Right Logically register r8.
Cycles: 2
Bytes: 2
Flags:
SRL [HL]
Shift Right Logically the byte pointed to by HL.
Cycles: 4
Bytes: 2
Flags: See SRA r8
STOP
Enter CPU very low power mode. Also used to switch between double and normal speed CPU modes in GBC.
Cycles: -
Bytes: 2
Flags: None affected.
SUB A,r8
Subtract the value in r8 from A.
Cycles: 1
Bytes: 1
Flags:
SUB A,[HL]
Subtract the byte pointed to by HL from A.
Cycles: 2
Bytes: 1
Flags: See SUB A,r8
SUB A,n8
Subtract the value n8 from A.
Cycles: 2
Bytes: 2
Flags: See SUB A,r8
SWAP r8
Swap the upper 4 bits in register r8 and the lower 4 ones.
Cycles: 2
Bytes: 2
Flags:
SWAP [HL]
Swap the upper 4 bits in the byte pointed by HL and the lower 4 ones.
Cycles: 4
Bytes: 2
Flags: See SWAP r8
XOR A,r8
Bitwise XOR between the value in r8 and A.
Cycles: 1
Bytes: 1
Flags:
XOR A,[HL]
Bitwise XOR between the byte pointed to by HL and A.
Cycles: 2
Bytes: 1
Flags: See XOR A,r8
XOR A,n8
Bitwise XOR between the value in n8 and A.
Cycles: 2
Bytes: 2
Flags: See XOR A,r8
SEE ALSO
HISTORY
rgbds
was originally written by Carsten
Sørensen as part of the ASMotor package, and was later packaged in
RGBDS by Justin Lloyd. It is now maintained by a number of contributors at
https://github.com/gbdev/rgbds.